India has always been a country dominated by agriculture. The land has given many natural resources to its people who use them not only to sustain themselves in today’s ever changing world but also sell the refined form of these natural resources to other countries of the world.
Copper ore, bauxite and iron ore are the three main natural resources found in Indian territory. Among these three, iron sees the maximum production here and is exported to rest of the world via the sea route. Orissa and Bihar are the two major iron producing states. In fact, southern Orissa employees thousands of people who mine almost a quarter of iron produced by the country as a whole.
Diamonds, gold and silver make up a small part of other natural resources found here. The state of Rajasthan is famous all over the world for the qualitative gem stones that are found in abundance here.
Coal is the major raw material for producing energy. According to a rough estimate, India has around 135 billion tons of coal in reserve, enough to last for more than 100 years. Though the coastal areas of Maharashtra and Gujarat have huge reserves of petroleum and other natural gases, it is not enough to meet the day to day requirement of the country. For its fuel, India is dependent on Middle East countries.
Recent years have seen a significant rise in production of electrical energy through nuclear energy. Few decades back, the industry was run only by hydroelectric power and coal. Himalayan region generates more than half of hydroelectric power though dams. The water thus collected is made available for irrigation and drinking purposes.
In most of the Indian villages, dried cow dung or wood is used as fuel for cooking and heating water. The demand for firewood has increases over a period of time and people are cutting forests everyday to cater their daily needs. This has resulted in reduction of 3 million acres of forest land across the country.
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