The Prime Minister, Mr. Manmohan Singh returned to Delhi on Saturday, December 19, after the 192-nation UN Summit over environmental concerns fell apart. The Summit was intended to discuss the future course of action, once the Kyoto Protocol of 1992 expires in 2012. The Protocol was adopted by 154 countries in the United Nations Framework on Climate Change in 1997, but the US kept away from it.
The Kyoto Protocol puts a legal binding on the developed nation for the reduction of 5.2% in the Green House Gases (GHG). However, the Copenhagen proposal made carbon reduction voluntary for the developed countries and binding for others for drastic reductions, a move the developing nations vehemently protested. Earlier, in a rare show of solidarity, India and China collectively walked out of the Summit, complaining about an inequitable proposal on Friday, December 18.
As the UN Summit ran the danger of a total collapse, a loosely structured Copenhagen Accord was formulated by the US and BASIC (Brazil, South Africa, India, and China) on the last day (December 19, 2009), proposing ‘voluntary’ action towards reducing carbon emissions. The Accord set out a commitment for limiting the rise in global temperature to 2 degree Celsius, but left out the details of the emission targets. The last day at the Summit witnessed a historical participation of 130 countries. The Accord, however, received sharp criticism with developing countries other than the BASIC nations, crying foul. The policy makers across the globe are now keeping a close watch on the developments, and whether or not the world reaches to a plenary agreement before 2012, remains to be seen.
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